Overview

Sand flies are small insects. Their length, including in females the head, thorax and abdomen and in males the coxites, is 1.2-3.7 mm (Perfil'ev, 1968).
Head, thorax, abdomen and appendages are covered with hairs which give a "fluffy" appearance. The palps reach beyond the proboscis and are almost folded in two. The wings are raised above the body. The apex of the wings is directed posteriad and laterad. Legs are long and slender (Perfil'ev, 1968).

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Genera and Species Identification

Genera and species identification can be performed by standard entomological aspects based on anatomy. Further and newer techniques include biochemical techniques such as enzyme electrophoresis and gas chromatography, DNA probes and monoclonal antibodies.

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